Heat the milk and vanilla in a saucepan until steaming. In a bowl, whisk egg yolks, sugar, and cornstarch until smooth. Slowly whisk in the hot milk to temper, then strain back into the pan. Cook over medium heat, stirring constantly, until thick and bubbling. Stir for 20 seconds more, remove from heat, and whisk in the butter gradually. Spread the cream on a tray, cover directly with plastic wrap, and chill 1 to 1½ hours.
For the choux pastry, bring butter, milk, water, sugar, and salt to a boil. Remove from heat, add flour all at once, and stir until smooth and pull from the sides. Return to low heat and stir for 2 minutes to dry. Transfer to a stand mixer with a paddle attachment; beat on low until warm. Add the beaten eggs gradually until the dough is smooth, glossy, and forms a ribbon when stretched between fingers.
Pipe two connected rings, 7 inches/18 cm across, on a parchment-lined baking sheet. Sprinkle it with sugar and hazelnuts. For height, pipe a third ring on top or bake a thinner extra ring for layering. Bake at 350°F/180°C for 40–45 minutes, until puffed and deep golden. Do not open the oven door while baking. Cool completely on a wire rack.
Whisk the chilled pastry cream until smooth, then fold in the hazelnut praline paste. Transfer to a piping bag with a star tip. Slice the pastry horizontally, spread a thin layer of praline paste on the bottom, and top with hazelnuts. Pipe the praline cream generously, cover with the top, and dust with powdered sugar.