In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with a dough hook, combine the flour, sugar, oil, water, yeast, egg, and salt. Mix until a dough forms, then knead on medium speed until smooth and elastic, about 10 minutes.
Transfer the dough to a lightly oiled bowl. Cover and let rise until doubled in size, about 1 hour.
Heat a thin layer of oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add the onions and cook, stirring occasionally, until softened and golden, about 15 minutes.
Add the paprika, cumin, turmeric, and a pinch of salt. Add the ground beef and cook, breaking it up with a spoon, until browned and cooked through. Stir in the cilantro and pine nuts. Let cool slightly.
Divide the dough into 10 equal pieces, about 3 ounces/90 grams each. Roll each piece into a circle. Place the filling in the center, fold the dough over, and pinch the edges closed. Shape into smooth buns and arrange on a parchment-lined baking sheet.
Cover and let rest for 20 minutes.
Heat the oven to 350°F/180°C.
Brush the buns with beaten egg and sprinkle with sesame seeds. Bake until golden brown and cooked through, about 30 minutes.
Serve warm with tahini sauce.