Melt the chocolate and butter together in short bursts in the microwave, stirring between each, or over a double boiler. Set aside.
In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the whisk attachment, beat the egg yolks with half the sugar until pale and fluffy.
Gradually fold the yolk mixture into the melted chocolate until smooth.
Wash and dry the mixer bowl thoroughly. Add the egg whites and remaining sugar and beat until thick, glossy and stable.
Fold the egg whites into the chocolate mixture in three additions until just combined and the batter is light and airy.
Transfer the batter to a greased 9-inch/22-centimeter round cake pan lined with parchment paper.
Bake at 325°F/165°C until a thin crust forms, the edges are slightly cracked and the center remains slightly soft, about 35 minutes.
Cool, then refrigerate for at least 4 hours. Slice and serve with vanilla ice cream.